Reference Lists for ASTROnews Spring 2022

Page 8: The Transformative Effects of Digital Health

1. CMS Waivers at a Glance. Accessed February 7, 2022.
2. De Novo Classification Request for IDX-DR. Accessed February 7, 2022.
3. Hernandez D, Fitch A. IBM’s Retreat from Watson Highlights Broader AI Struggles in Health. The Wall Street Journal. Feb 23, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/ibms-retreat-from-watson-highlights-broader-ai-struggles-in-health-11613839579. Accessed February 7, 2022.
4. AlphaFold Team. AlphaFold: A Solution to a 50-year-old Grand Challenge in Biology.  https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology. Accessed February 7, 2022.
5. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. 2022 MPFS NPRM. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/23/2021-14973/medicare-program-cy-2022-payment-policies-under-the-physician-fee-schedule-and-other-changes-to-part. Accessed February 7, 2022.
6. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. 2021 MPFS NPRM. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/08/17/2020-17127/medicare-program-cy-2021-payment-policies-under-the-physician-fee-schedule-and-other-changes-to-part. Accessed February 7, 2022.

Page 14: How Do We See What We Don’t See as Radiation Oncologists?

1. Delaney G, Jacob S, Featherstone C, et al. The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment. Cancer. 2005;104(6):1129-1137. doi:10.1002/CNCR.21324
2. Palacios Eito A, Cabezas SG, Ugalde PF, et al. Characterization and adequacy of the use of radiotherapy and its trend in time. Radiother Oncol. 2013;106(2):260-265. doi:10.1016/J.RADONC.2012.10.008
3. Borras JM, Lievens Y, Dunscombe P, et al. The optimal utilization proportion of external beam radiotherapy in European countries: An ESTRO-HERO analysis. Radiother Oncol. 2015;116(1):38-44. doi:10.1016/J.RADONC.2015.04.018
4. Tovar I, Expósito J, Jaén J, et al. Underuse of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer Has Negative Consequences for Patients. J Thorac Oncol. 2013;8(1):62-67. doi:10.1097/JTO.0B013E3182745640
5. Aizer AA, Ancukiewicz M, Nguyen PL, et al. Underutilization of radiation therapy in patients with glioblastoma. Cancer. 2014;120(2):238-243. doi:10.1002/CNCR.28398
6. Loveland-Jones C, Lin H, Shen Y, et al. Disparities in the Use of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy for Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016;95(4):1218. doi:10.1016/J.IJROBP.2016.02.065
7. Luo L, Lee A, Shi W, et al. Underutilization of Adjuvant Radiation in Early Stage High Risk Endometrial Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;105(1):E353. doi:10.1016/J.IJROBP.2019.06.1677
8. Vargo JA, Gill BS, Balasubramani GK, et al. What is the optimal management of early-stage low-grade follicular lymphoma in the modern era? Cancer. 2015;121(18):3325-3334. doi:10.1002/CNCR.29491
9. Gray PJ, Fedewa SA, Shipley WU, et al. Use of Potentially Curative Therapies for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in the United States: Results from the National Cancer Data Base. Eur Urol. 2013;63(5):823-829. doi:10.1016/J.EURURO.2012.11.015

Page 18: International Perspective – Variation in Reimbursement Structure Worldwide

1. Lievens Y, Defourny N, Corral J, et al. ESTRO–HERO Consortium Collaborators. How public health services pay for radiotherapy in Europe: An ESTRO-HERO analysis of reimbursement. Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jan;21(1):e42-e54.
2. Borras JM, Corral J, Aggarwal A, et al. Innovation, value and reimbursement in radiation and complex surgical oncology: Time to rethink. Radiother Oncol. 2021 Aug 17:S0167-8140(21)06684-6. 
3. Marta GN, Ramiah D, Kaidar-Person O, et al. The Financial Impact on Reimbursement of Moderately Hypofractionated Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: An International Consortium Report. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2021;33(5):322-330. 
4. Marta GN, Poortmans P. Moderately hypofractionated breast radiation therapy: Is more evidence needed? Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(5):e226.
5. Cardoso F, MacNeill F, Penault-Llorca F, et al. Why is appropriate healthcare inaccessible for many European breast cancer patients? The EBCC 12 manifesto. Breast. 2021;55:128-135.

Page 20: The Evolution of Radiation Oncology Practice Models

1. Zhu JM. Private Equity Investment in Physician Practices. Penn Leonard Davis Institute. https://ldi.upenn.edu/our-work/research-updates/private-equity-investment-in-physician-practices/  Accessed January 7, 2022
2. Fleishon HB, Vijayasarathi A, Pyatt R. et al. White paper: Corporatization in radiology. Jour Amer Coll Radiol. 2019;16(10):1364-1374.
3. McKesson Corporation https://www.mckesson.com/. Accessed January 27, 2022.
4. GenesisCare. https://www.genesiscare.com/us/about-us-our-vision-and-values/. Accessed January 27, 2022

Page 22: Opinion – An Alternative Pathway for Alternative Payment Models

1. Waddle MR, Stross WC, Vallow LA et al. Impact of Patient Stage and Disease Characteristics on the proposed Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model (RO-APM). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2020;106(5):905-911.
2. Teckie S, McCloskey SA and Steinberg ML. Value: A framework for radiation oncology. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014;32(26):2864-2870.
3. Squitieri L, Bozic KJ and Pusic AL. The Role of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Value-Based Payment Reform. Value Health. 2017;20(6): 834-836.
4. Berwick DM. The Moral Determinants of Health. JAMA. 2020;324(3):225-226.
5. Mehta AJ, Macklis RM. Overview of accountable care organizations for oncology specialists. J. Oncol. Pract. 2013;9(4):216-221.
6. Viani GA, Viana BS, Martin JE, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy reduces toxicity with similar biochemical control compared with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A randomized clinical trial. Cancer. 2016;122(13):2004-2011.
7. Thind K, Roumeliotis M, Mann T, et al. Increasing Demand on Human Capital and Resource Utilization in Radiation Therapy: The Past Decade. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2022;112(2):457-462.
8. Kerr S. On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B. Acad. Manag. J. Acad. Manag. 1975;18(4):769-783.

Page 24: Opinion – Actionable Modifications to the CMS RO-APM

1. Waddle MR, Stross WC, Vallow LA, et al. Impact of Patient Stage and Disease Characteristics on the Proposed Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model (RO-APM). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020;106(5):905-911.

Page 26: Opinion – Action at a Distance – Reimbursement Implications

1. Hsiao WC and Stason WB. Toward Developing a Relative Value Scale for Medical and Surgical Services. Health Care Financing Review. 1979;1(2):23-38.